Choose one art piece , and a theory that can be related to that art Essay

Journalist and Pr Relationship Free Essays

1. The inquiry for the article is â€Å"Journalism and Public Relations: Symbiosis or Parasitosis? † Journalists and Public Relations (PR) professionals associate with one another ordinarily as a major aspect of the procedure of news creation. Columnists convey towards advertising professionals with demands for data or material to help produce the accounts they are composing. We will compose a custom paper test on Writer and Pr Relationship or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now While advertising specialists prompt stories and convey writers with data they have made themselves in would like to be distributed in the paper. The connection among writers and advertising experts is, and has consistently been, confused. The connection between these two is one of commonly reliance if not cooperative, yet additionally irresolute if not antagonistic. This questionable relationship has emerged because of the misinterpretation of the standpoint and the estimations of every calling. Shin and Cameron (2004) esteem the two gatherings carry strife to the relationship through the idea of their jobs and objectives, and the qualities, perspectives and perspectives they hold of one another (Callard, 2011). Columnist recognition on advertising specialists has a negative undertone to it, frequently pained by the regularly about the degrees of ‘information subsidy’ (Gandy, 1982) with regards to the manner by which advertising material can shape the news by giving data that empowers them to comply with there own motivation. While advertising are worried about the misconstrued point of view columnists have upon the job that advertising play. (Charron, 1989) Journalists are said to take a stab at objectivity, decency, exactness, and balance, and don't retain data, cover up or advocate for specific motivation, or act dishonestly (Belz, Talbot, Starck, 1989). Advertising is viewed as increasingly abstract, serving the interests of the customer first and foremost’ (White Hobsbawm, 2007) Although the pressures between the to ventures might be stressed, this is a relationship dependent on need n request for one another to succeed, regardless of whether every one of them will l et it out. . Despite the fact that they may have contrasts, the two callings have the comparative targets made around there open. The primary aim of news coverage calling is to give it open exact, solid reliable data to the overall population. Advertising objective is to impact a specific objective open, proposed to impact the assessment of this crowd to advance an individual or association that the firm is caring for. The ‘adversarial relationship’ between the two callings is regularly seen as writers being the watchmen who serve people in general through contribution them ‘a window to the world’ (Singer, 1998) and advertising experts subsequentâ the ‘press-agentry’ model (Grunig and Hunt 1984) where the reason for the specialist is to grow exposure for their specific association through controlled ‘information dissemination’. In any case, in an ever-contending world the tables have started to turn, with columnist not being as unadulterated as they describe. Columnists have an obligation to an implicit moral code to deliver accounts of truth and unwavering quality, as writers are the source between general society and it information on news data. Foxification just as the updates on the world outrage has altered the view of trust commendable reporting. Foxification was the distortions of realities to the general population by the fox arrange with the end goal of propagation their preferential preservationist plan and benefit gain. Which was a similar found with the updates on the world outrage early a year ago, where exploitative lead so as to pick up benefit. So the establishment of anxious that reporting has on advertising gets unjustified. The focal components to the working among journalist’s and advertising relationship is the subject of access to data. In a period where news is created and expended as quick as could be expected under the circumstances, the Internet has furnished media with another stage to serve its publics with the most state-of-the-art news. In any case, clearly this no longer implies that columnists have he day to compose a story for the following day’s paper, writer are taking a gander at creating anyplace between 6-10 stories each time they enter the newsroom. 3. In March 2010 10 printed copy news papers where analyised on Australia news and editorial site Crikey and the Independent news coverage which reasoned that almost 55% of the narratives find were driven by a ty pe of advertising impact. The necessity of writers accomplishing more with less has safeguarded the connection between the two callings is safely bound together encouraging a reliance on PR experts and their advertising materials. It is this interest set upon every calling, which has fabricated what we presently know as ‘churnalism’ the act of writers beating through public statements to produce news content as brisk as conceivable the peruser. Writers are being approached to accomplish more with less assets . . . compelling them to depend increasingly more on data from advertising experts . . . they are being constrained progressively into receptive, uninvolved positions as opposed to seeking after their own examinations. (Gower, 2007, p. 2-3) Churnalism. om welcomes individuals to glue official statements on to the webpage and contrast the duplicate and in excess of 3,000,000 articles distributed by national paper sites, the BBC or Sky News since 2008. The site at that point offers a rate score showing the amount of the discharge was reordered by writers. One of the authors of the Churnalism site Chris Atkins created a phony official statement about a â€Å"chastity garter† containing a s mall scale chip which would send an instant message to the woman’s accomplice conveying of the accomplice was going to be unfaithful, to show how powerful advertising push on the substance of writers stories. The story turned into the most perused story on the Daily Mail’s site for that specific day. What's more, was then rehashed by numerous news sources including that of a USA morning TV program. This model simply feature the degree to how much columnist depend on the substance that advertising experts have furnished them with so as to create stories. In any case, this additionally positioned a moral obligation upon advertising to deliver press 4. discharges, which are honest as advertising specialists depend on columnist to utilize these to advance their association. On account of both advertising and news coverage the related thoughts of trust and truth are fundamental to their expert exercises. The significance in making a solid reliable connection with writer significantly increasingly critical to advertising experts as this is their fundamental wellspring of contact with their objective publics. Advertising organizations expect to manufacture a progressing associations with writers as the better connections they can construct, the more impact they can apply on the media. A writer is bound to focus on a public statement that’s auspicious, from a known source and focused to the particular journalist’s need. So it is an advertising professional occupation to ensure they know and comprehend the style and looked for stories every writer would give an account of, making it almost certain for their public statement to be gotten. Making it pivotal to safeguard that the official statements are useful and honest. Advertising experts will offer columnists media units, up close and personal gathering and welcome them to private snacks and dispatches increasing a select scoop to make a generosity connection between the two gatherings. Be that as it may, as advertising is the essential contact among associations and the media, advertising individuals can control the entrance to data given to columnist, empowering them huge lead path in haggling with writers. It’s a touch of you take care of me I will take care of you type on association. In today’s world, advertising and columnists go connected at the hip. Columnists and advertising specialists assume particular jobs in their individual callings. On an entire advertising and news-casting cooperate so as to accomplish a similar extreme objective. Approaches might be diverse however the two callings are commonly needy upon each other and just as one of harmonious. So as to push ahead with media inclusion, both news coverage and advertising need become habituate to the presents of every calling as by tolerating what each gathering brings to the table permits the two businesses to excel. Step by step instructions to refer to Journalist and Pr Relationship, Papers Columnist and Pr Relationship Free Essays 1. The inquiry for the article is â€Å"Journalism and Public Relations: Symbiosis or Parasitosis? † Journalists and Public Relations (PR) specialists interface with one another ordinarily as a feature of the procedure of news creation. Columnists impart towards advertising experts with demands for data or material to help produce the narratives they are composing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Columnist and Pr Relationship or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now While advertising specialists exhort stories and convey writers with data they have made themselves in would like to be distributed in the paper. The connection among writers and advertising professionals is, and has consistently been, confused. The connection between these two is one of commonly reliance if not cooperative, yet in addition conflicted if not unfriendly. This uncertain relationship has emerged because of the misinterpretation of the standpoint and the estimations of ea

Community Service Essay Samples - What You Should Know

Community Service Essay Samples - What You Should KnowThere are many types of communities service essays samples that you can choose from. These types of samples have many different choices of topics, but the goal is the same. They are designed to help the student become familiar with the area and learn about the issues surrounding it. These types of samples are helpful because they will help you understand more about your topic.Community service essay samples will usually include a list of examples to use as your sample. Many times this list will have various types of examples that relate to the type of issues that the student will be writing about. The focus of the essay may be the environment, the environmental concerns, or the charities that are helping to resolve the issues. There may be examples of the different areas to look at to see if there are any local groups in each. This is a great idea because it helps students learn more about their topic by learning about the differe nt places that are dealing with the problems.In some cases, the sample includes brief summaries of some of the important issues that are dealing with the area. This is very helpful to the student as well. It helps them to understand the issues in a broader view to help make them more familiar with the area.When the community service essay samples list has enough examples, the student will be able to choose which example to use. This is helpful because this gives the student an idea on how many examples they will need to use for the essay. This may even include some ideas of where the sample should be placed in the text. This way, the student will be able to make an appropriate placement based on what they will be using the examples for.Other times, community service essay samples will include actual work that is being done by the different groups. This helps students understand the area and what is going on in the area. This is an excellent idea because it makes the students feel li ke they are actively involved in the community.Other community service essay samples include lists of great books, newspapers, and magazines to use. These types of examples are very useful because it gives students the opportunity to compare and contrast the environment that they are living in. It helps them to be more familiar with the topic and the culture that they are living in.The essay should be submitted to the college or university that you are applying to, as soon as possible after completing the service essay samples. This will help you have a professional essay, which is one of the most important aspects of your application. If you submit your essay without your samples included, this could hurt your chances of acceptance into the college or university that you are applying to.You will find that these community service essay samples are very useful to help you with your essay. They give you the best chance of being accepted into a college or university, which is why you s hould consider including them in your application.

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome Essay - 869 Words

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome is a heart condition where there is an extra electrical pathway or circuit in the heart. The condition can lead to episodes of rapid heart also known as tachycardia. Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome, also known as WPW, is present at birth. People of all ages, even infants, can experience the symptoms related to WPW. Episodes of tachycardia often occur when people are in their teens or early twenties. Most of the time, a fast heart beat are not life threatening, but serious heart problems can occur. Treatments for Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome can stop or prevent episodes of fast heart beats. A catheter-based procedure, known as ablation can permanently correct the heart†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome is associated with some forms of congenital heart disease, such as Ebsteins anomaly.† (Mayo Clinic Staff). The heart is made up of four chambers. The two upper chambers known as the at ria, and the two lower chambers known as the ventricles. The rhythm of your heart is controlled by the sinus node. The sinus node is almost like a natural pacemaker which is located in the atrium. The sinus node gives off electrical impulses that start every heartbeat. â€Å"Electrical impulses travel across the atria causing the atria muscles to contract and pump blood in the ventricles.† (Mayo Clinic Staff). The electrical impulses eventually arrive at a cluster of cells known as the atrioventricular node or the AV node. The AV node slows down the signal before sending it to the ventricles. By this delay, it allows the ventricles to fill with blood causing the electrical impulses to reach the muscles of the ventricles so they can contract and pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. When a person has WPW syndrome an extra electrical pathway connects the atria and the ventricles. This means that an electrical signal can bypass the AV node. When the impulses use this alternative route through the heart, the ventricles are activated to early. Looped electrical impulses and disorganized electrical impulses are two major types of rhythm disturbances. A looped electrical impulse is when electricalShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Present Illness : 34 Year Old Woman With A History Of Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome3858 Words   |  16 PagesHistory of present illness: 34-year-old woman with a history of Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome complains of intermittent palpitations since 2005. She has had a 24-hour Holter, which was unremarkable. She came in for a follow-up visit and had an EKG done that revealed the presence of pre-excitation. The patient reports a daily sensation of palpitations that lasts for several minutes. The patient reports lightheadedness with the palpitations without syncope. The patient underwent an exercise treadmillRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1678 Words   |  7 Pagesasking three opened ended questions based on each of Gordonâ₠¬â„¢s 11 functional health patterns. Overall, the Mohr family would describe themselves to be in good health. The only health concern is the mother’s diagnosis of hypertension and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, also known as WPW. WPW is a heart condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway between the upper and lower chambers of the heart causing a rapid heartbeat (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Her health concerns are currently well controlledRead MoreWhat s Internal Electrical System Controls The Rate And Rhythm Of Each Heartbeat1130 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed. Following Waller and Einthoven, James Mackenzie and Arthur Cushny became the first cardiologists to diagnose atrial fibrillation and Drs. Wolf, Parkinson and White was recognized to first theorize the neurocardiac function of the heart. In fact, one common type of arrhythmia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, named after Drs. Wolf, Parkinson and White is detonated by an extra electrical pathway between the atria and the ventricles. Another major disco very in the 1960s, the idea of combining programmedRead MoreAwareness Of Sudden Cardiac Death In Youth Athletes.. ​Coresa1451 Words   |  6 Pageswith subsequent fibro-fatty replacement. †¢ Marfan Syndrome is an autosomal dominate genetic disease characterized by the progressive dilation of the aortic root or descending aorta, which can cause dissection and rupture of the aorta. Patients with Marfan syndrome present with skeletal abnormalities such as an arm span-height ratio 1.05, hyperextensibility and ligamentous laxity, scoliosis, and chest wall deformities. The prevalence of Marfan syndrome is about 1 in 5000-7000 people. †¢ Myocarditis isRead MoreApplication Of A Mechanical Wave Sound1396 Words   |  6 Pagesand thus causing the fatal arrhythmias or even a decrease in the cardiac performance. The abnormal conduction pathways are useful in conducting electric activity to the ventricular muscle from the atrial muscle thereby occasioning the Wolff-Parkinson-White or syndrome. In magnetocardiography, doctors work to introduce an alternative to the electric localization with the help of magnetic methods whereby mapping of the cardiac magnetic field x-component is done on the anterior surface of the thorax withRead MoreDescription Of An Electrocardiogram, Or Ecg Or Ekg1686 Words   |  7 Pagesof the ventricles and the beginning of the SA node signaling the atria to contract. Abnormalities in the cardiac rhythms may result from the SA mode increasing or decreasing which would indicate sinus tachycardia or sinus bradycardia. Wolff Parkinson- White Syndrome may occur if the conduction in the cardiac cycle is too fast, or if it is too slow. The purpose of our lab was to distinguish how the heart rate and cardiac cycle would change on a person from before they performed exercise (resting)Read MoreWhat Signs And Symptoms Support Your Suspicions?1803 Words   |  8 Pagespatients with decreased hepatic function or diminished hepatic blood flow, (Older-adult patients; patients with cirrhosis, shock, or HF) to reduce toxicity. Furthermore, lidocaine is also contraindicated for patients with Strokes-Adams syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and severe degrees of SA, AV, or intraventricular block in the absence of electronic pacing. Moreover, one should be cautious when using lidocaine in patients with hepatic dysfunction or impaired hepatic blood flow. Also, note thatRead MoreAtrial Fibrillation: Causes, Pathophysiology and Treatment1498 Words   |  6 Pagesvalve disease6. AF is associated with cardiovascular causes and non-cardiac causes. Cardiovascular causes include hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyop athy, mitral valve disease, cardiac surgery, myocarditis, pericarditis and Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Non-cardiac causes include alcohol, hyperthyroidism, pulmonary disorders, pulmonary embolism, obstructive sleep apnea, thoracic surgery, obesity and sepsis. The mechanisms by which risk factors such as age, cardiac disease and hypertensionRead MoreAtrial Fibrillation with No Structural Heart Disease Should Always Undergo Catheter Ablation2234 Words   |  9 Pageselectrophysiological mechanism. Atrial fibrillation initiates in an ectopic focus that triggers and/or perpetuates the arrhythmia in patients without structural heart disease and in the absence of known conditions (alcohol abuse, hyperthyroidism, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, etc.). These foci are located in the pulmonary veins walls, in muscular bands extending from the left atrium into the venous walls. The histological examination has shown the presence of Purkinje cells which might generate abnormal automatismRead MoreEssay on Pulmonary Diseases4115 Words   |  17 Pagesmembrane. This procedure is done to treat the fluid buildup around the lung. There are other slerosing agents available, but talc seems to be the most effective and cost efficient in spite of uncommon co mplications of ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) after using talc (Bascom, Benninghoff, and Alam, 2009). Local anesthetics used to numb the sensation are used for thoracentesis and placement of a chest tube. Medications include lidocaine hydrochloride (Dilocaine, Xylocaine, and Anestacon) and

Physical Punishment Essay - 482 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gallegos,et all 1 Physical Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physical punishment has been a problem in hitting their children so they can have discipline or not hitting them because it is not right, so what can parents do and what can they not do? Should the parents hit them to learn discipline, or should they not hit them and figure out another way to make them learn what discipline is? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Because many parents do not know or are confused in showing their children how†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are other alternatives to punishing the children for their bad behavior. Less severe punishments besides spanking. First, they can take away their television privileges, computer use, and playing outside with their friends. Next, they could ground Gallegos, 2 them for the weekend and cancel plans. Last of all parents could take the time to sit and talk to their children about their bad behavior. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physical punishment may cause a child psychological problems. First, if the physical punishment starts at an early age the child will be used to being physically punished, therefore, his or hers self-esteem may severely negative as he or she grows up. Second, it is a life-affecting act to physically punish a child because they will be traumatized. Eventually parents should think twice before they can physically punish their children. What they should think of is what problems they are causing the child in its life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In conclusion every parent must take consideration that the negative affects that spanking may cause a child. Spanking your children may make massive changes in your child’s personality. He or she may grow up to believe that violence is acceptable in everyday life. And thus this will be a never-ending cycle because they will think it is okay because their parents did it. If a child grows up to believe this negative behavior, theyShow MoreRelatedCorporal Punishment or Physical Chastisement963 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment or known as the physical chastisement of someone who has disobeyed or gone against their right to do something. At one extreme it may include the death penalty, but the term corporal punishment usually refers to punishments such as branding, flogging, and flagellation. Many things come to mind when thinking of the term corporal punishment but the first is slavery. What role did corporal punishment play in slavery? How did i t affect the daily lives of the slaves? Corporal punishmentRead MoreParents and Physical Punishment1052 Words   |  5 PagesAs children grow up, they’re more than likely exposed to being disciplined in one way or another. â€Å"Surveys of parents show that 90 percent have used some form of physical punishment on their children† (Graziano 1). So therefore, we can all agree that when it comes down to being punished, parents more often than not resort to spanking their child(ren). That being said, many parents will readily agree that spanking a child should not be considered a form of child abuse. However, the question stillRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is A Form Of Physical Punishment1363 Words   |  6 Pages Corporal punishment is a form of physical punishment that inflicts pain on kids for their negative actions such as spanking. This topic is controversial because some people feel very strongly that they should be allowed to continue using these methods and ot hers feel very strongly that they should not be allowed to. I feel as if this method of punishment is inhumane and should not continue to be used. The modernization of psychology has proved that hitting children will not help them learn thatRead MorePhysical Punishment and the Effects2297 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Brianna Ascencio ENGWR 300 T/Th 7:30 Dr. Muà ±oz November 19, 2013 Research Paper Physical Punishment and the Effects A fearful child walks slowly, but carefully to his house from school. Walking home feels faster than usual and before he knows it, he walks into the front door as quietly as possible. He gets a sort of relief when he finds out he is home alone. Seconds later, he gets that turned feeling in his stomach again. He knows he awaits for the worst. What he has done wasn’t so badRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Punishment On Children928 Words   |  4 Pageschildren are punished because adults want to teach them something. The whole purpose of punishment, in the case of children, is intended to change their behavior. Adults generally think that they should do whatever it takes to get children to behave in an acceptable way. In order to get the children to behave thus, adults often punish them physically—that is, through causing pain. It is my opinion that physical punishment of children is an overreaction and can never be justified. Read More Physical Pu nishment vs. Communication Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical Punishment vs. Communication Works Cited Missing Many parents say physical punishment works on improving behavior or teaching a child a lesson. These parents think this is the only way to discipline a child. So as years pass more parents tend to use this strategy to discipline their own children. According to the Health Update, â€Å"one of four 10-16 year olds or 6.2 million children is a victim of assault or abuse every year† also â€Å"one-third of the children surveyed said that they wereRead MoreAvoiding Physical Punishment In Child Rearing Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesAvoiding Physical Punishment In Child Rearing Is sparing the rod spoiling or saving the child? Is violence, resentment, anger or fear worth the risk taken when striking him or her. Whether your for or against using physical punishment in child development, as a parent, you will someday have to face this issue. Many parents are taught this method in their childhood, and are not aware of any other way. Often originating from religion, physical or corporal punishment is seen as an importantRead MoreCorporal Punishment Is Defined As The Utilization Of Physical Force1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe term corporal punishment is defined as the utilization of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, yet not harm, for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior. Seven nations Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Italy and Cyprus-have laws making it illicit for parents to utilize physical discipline on their children. Corporal punishment in schools has been banned in every one of the nations in Europe, South and Central America, China andRead MorePhysical Punishment Has Been Around For Decades. However,1822 Words   |  8 PagesPhysical punishment has been around for decades. However, many falsely believe that the use of this parenting style has slowly faded away. Unfortunately, it has become more common and ranges from minor to severe depending on the parent. This method of correction has been passed down through generations and the history of it is a major contribution to the problem. Just because it happens does not mean it is acceptable. The desired results are rarely achieved and the children are negatively impactedRead MoreThe Effects Of Race And Childhood Corporal Punishment On Physical Aggression Towards Future Generations Of Children1205 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of race and childhood corporal punishment on physical aggression towards future generations of children Mallika Sharma New York University There has been a significant amount of research on the impact of corporal punishment on children, and its effect on their behavior going into adolescence. Several studies have shown that experiencing physical discipline during childhood leads to higher acts of aggression towards others, that physical punishment leads to externalizing these aggressive

DayDream Nation by Sonic Youth free essay sample

Sonic youths fifth studio Album Daydream Nation is possibly one of the more unique albums I have ever heard. When I first listened to the album a couple years back, I thought I was going to be listening to the soundtrack of a movie called Day Dream Nation ( I later discovered the movie and album shared the name.) So I kinda listened to it by accident, but it was a great accident because once I listened to the album all the way through I loved what I heard. I mean its one of my favorite albums. So I began listening to more of their albums. and within a few weeks time I was a fan and I have been ever since. Sonic youth Really delivers with this album. with Thurston Moores strange but satisfying Guitar playing. And Kim Gordons Spoken word singing style that draws you in almost immediately. We will write a custom essay sample on DayDream Nation by Sonic Youth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It makes you want to not only hear the song but listen to it as well. This Album is Timeless. Its one of those Iconic albums that will stick around for a long while. Other than bizarre guitar playing and singing styles, This album has the kind of songs, with the kind of lyrics that stay with you. An example of this would be the albums single Teen Age Riot I mean, This song is Seven minutes of lyric gold. It makes you think. It makes you want to listen to more of their songs.It makes you want to know the story behind the song. To me thats just brilliant. All and all, this is just an amazing, creative and smart album from a band that has inspired so many other great bands like Nirvana and Yeah Yeah Yeahs and countless other bands and artist. Sonic Youth just really outdid themselves when they produced Daydream Nation. fourteen years after its release In 1988, Pitchfork Media ranked it number 1 on their list of The one-hundred greatest albums of the 1980s. It has been able to remain relevant after all these years. And I believe it will continue too inspire artist for many years to come.

Sales Forecasting free essay sample

Usage can differ between areas of application: for example, in hydrology, the terms forecast and forecasting are sometimes reserved for estimates of values at certain specific future times, while the term prediction is used for more general estimates, such as the number of times floods will occur over a long period. Risk and uncertainty are central to forecasting and prediction; it is generally considered good practice to indicate the degree of uncertainty attaching to forecasts. In any case, the data must be up to date in order for the forecast to be as accurate as possible. Although quantitative analysis can be very precise, it is not always appropriate. Some experts in the field of forecasting have advised against the use of mean square error to compare forecasting methods. Forecasting involves the use of information at hand to make statements about the likely course of future events. In technical terms, conditional on what one knows, what can one say about the future? Forecasting techniques include uni-variant, multi-variant, and qualitative analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Sales Forecasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Time series used to forecast future trends include exponential smoothing, ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) and trend analysis. Multi-variant prediction methods include multi regression model, econometrics, and state space. Delphi marketing research, situational analysis, and historical analogue belong to qualitative methodologies. These forecasting methods forecast trends over different time horizons. There are significant differences in time length being considered when using these forecasting methods. Basically, uni variant methods in short-term forecasting usually generate higher accuracy than those of multi variants (Box et al. , 1994). LITERATURE REVIEW Forecasting techniques can be categorized in two broad categories: quantitative and qualitative. The techniques in the quantitative category include mathematical models such as moving average, straight-line projection, exponential smoothing, regression, trend-line analysis, simulation, life-cycle analysis, decomposition, Box-Jenkins, expert systems, and neural network. The techniques in the qualitative category include subjective or intuitive models such as jury or executive opinion, sales force composite, and customer expectations (Kress, 1985; Mentzer Kahn, 1995). Along with qualitative and quantitative, forecasting models can be categorized as time-series, causal, and judgmental. A time-series model uses past data as the basis for estimating future results. The models that fall into this category include decomposition, moving average, exponential smoothing, and Box-Jenkins. The premise of a causal model is that a particular outcome is directly influenced by some other predictable factor. These techniques include regression models. Judgmental techniques are often called subjective because they rely on intuition, opinions, and probability to derive the forecast. These techniques include expert opinion, Delphi, sales force composite, customer expectations (customer surveys), and simulation (Kress, 1985; Wilson Keating, 1994). Typically, the two forms of forecasting error measures used to judge forecasting performance are mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). For both MAD and MAPE, a lower absolute value is preferred to a higher absolute value. MAD is the difference between the actual sales and the forecast sales, absolute values are calculated over a period of time, and the mean is derived from these absolute differences. MAPE is used with large amounts of data, and forecasters may prefer to measure error in percentage (Wilson Keating, 1994). The forecasting process It is important to know when we should use qualitative or quantitative forecasting techniques. Managers apply quantitative forecasting techniques when environment is predictable and if they have data from past period about sales. These techniques are good when we want to predict existing products and technologies. They often used mathematics’ techniques for forecasting. Qualitative forecasting techniques are used in the not predictable environment and when we don’t have enough data. These techniques are usually used when managers forecast launching the new product line or new technologies. QUALITATIVE FORECASTING TECHNIQUES Qualitative forecasting techniques are sometimes referred to as judgmental of subjective techniques because they rely more upon opinion and less upon mathematics in their formulations. The absence of past sales means that you have to be more creative in coming up with prediction in the future. Sales forecast for new products are often based on executive judgments, sales force projection, surveys and user’s expectation. We summarized qualitative forecasting techniques which include: Jury of executive opinion consists of combining top executives’ views concerning future sales. This type of forecasting technique is term a ‘top down’ technique whereby a forecast is produced for the industry. Customer expectations use customer’s expectations of their needs and requirements as the basis for the forecast. The data are typically gathered by a survey of customers or by the sales force Sales force composite combines the individual forecasts of salespeople. This technique involves salesperson making a product-by-product forecast for their particular sales territory. Such a method is a bottom-up approach. Delphi method is a similar to jury of executive opinion technique. The main difference the members do not meet in committee. A project leader administers a questionnaire to each member of the team which asks questions usually of a behavioural nature. The questioning then proceeds to a more detailed second stage which asks questions about the individual company. The process go on to further stages where appropriate. The ultimate objective is to translate opinion into some form of forecast. Bayesian decision theory has been placed under techniques although it is really a mixture of subjective and objectives techniques. This technique is similar to critical path analysis in that it uses a network diagram and probability must be estimated for each event over the network. We already mention that qualitative techniques are often used when managers have little data to incorporate into forecast. New products are a classic example of limited information and qualitative techniques are frequently employed to predict sales revenues for these items. Qualitative techniques are recommended for those situations where managers or sales force are particularly adept at predicting sales revenues. These techniques are often utilized when markets have been disturbed by strikes, wars, natural disasters, recessions or inflation. Under these conditions historical data are useless and judgmental procedures that account for the factors causing market stocks are usually more accurate. Regression Analysis: statically relates sales to one or more explanatory (independent) variables. Explanatory variables may be marketing decisions (price changes, for instance), competitive information, economic data, or any other variable related to sales. †¢ Exponential smoothing makes an exponentially smoothed weighted average of past sales, trends, and seasonality to derive a forecast. †¢ Moving aver age takes an average of a specified number of past observations to make a forecast. As new observations become available, they are used in the forecast and the oldest observations are dropped. Box-Jenkins uses the auto correlative structure of sales data to develop an autoregressive moving average forecast from past sales and forecast errors. †¢ Trend line analysis fits a line to the sales data by minimizing the squared error between the line and actual past sales values. This line is then projected into the future as the forecast. †¢ Decomposition breaks the sales data into seasonal, cyclical, trend and noise components and projects each into the future. †¢ Straight-line projection is a visual extrapolation of the past data, which is projected into the future as the forecast. Life-cycle analysis bases the forecast upon whether the product is judged to be in the introduction, growth, maturity, or decline stage of the life cycle. †¢ Simulation uses the computer to model the forces, which affect sales: customers, marketing plans, competitors, flow of goods, etc. The simulation model is a mathematical replication of the actual corporation. †¢ Expert systems use the knowledge of one or more forecasting experts to develop decision rules to arrive at a forecast. †¢ Neural networks look for patterns in previous history of sales and explanatory data to uncover relationships. These relationships are used to produce the forecast. QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES Quantitative techniques are sometimes termed objective or mathematical techniques as they rely more upon mathematics as less upon judgment in their computation. These techniques are now very popular as a result of sophisticated computer packages. There are many quantitative techniques: Regression analysis statistically relates sales to one or more explanatory (independent) variables. Explanatory variables may be marketing decisions (price changes, for instance), competitive information, economic data on any other variable that can be related to sales. Exponential smoothing makes an exponentially smoothed weighted average of past sales, trend and seasonality to derive the forecast Moving average takes an average of a specified number of past observations to make a forecast. As new observations become available, they are used in the forecast and the oldest observations are dropped. Box-Jenkins uses the auto correlative structure of sales data to develop autoregressive moving average forecast from past sales and forecast errors Trend line Analysis fits a line to sales data by minimizing the squared error between the line and actual past sales values. The line is that projected into the future as the forecast. Decomposition breaks the sales data into seasonal, cyclical, trend and noise components and projects each into the forecast Straight-line projection is a visual extrapolation of the past data which is projected into the future as the forecast Life cycle analysis bases the forecast upon whether the product is judged to be in the introduction, growth, maturity or decline stage of its life cycle Simulation uses computer to model the forces which affect sales: customers, marketing plans, competitors, flow-of-goods, etc. The simulation model is mathematical replication of the actual corporation. Experts systems use the knowledge of one or more forecasting experts to develop decision rules to arrive at a forecast Neutral networks look for patterns in previous history of sales and explanatory data to uncover relationships. These relationships are then used to produce the forecast. †¢ Jury of executive opinion consists of combining top executives’ views concerning future sales. †¢ Sales force composite combines the individual forecasts of salespeople. †¢ Customer expectations (customer surveys) use customers expectations as the basis for the forecast. The data are typically gathered by a customer survey by the sales force. †¢ Delphi model is similar to jury of executive opinion in taking advantage of the wisdom of experts. However, it has the additional advantage of anonymity among participants. †¢ Naive model assumes that the next period will be identical to the present. The forecast is based on the most recent observation of data. Three planning horizons for forecasting exist. The short-term forecast usually covers a period of less than three months. The medium-term forecast usually covers a period of three months to two years. And, the long-term forecast usually covers a period of more than two years. Generally, the short-term forecast is used for the daily operation and plans of a company. The long-term forecast is used more for strategic planning (Kress, 1985; DeLurgio Bhame, 1991). Finally, the distinction between the forecasting method and forecasting system is important. A forecasting method is a mathematical or subjective technique that forecasts some future value or event. While many statistical forecasting software packages are implementations of forecasting methods, they are not forecasting systems. A forecasting system is a computer-based system that collects and processes demand data for thousands of items, develops forecasts using forecasting methods, has an interactive managementuser interface, maintains a database of demands, and has report file-writing capabilities. A forecasting system is much more complex than a forecasting method. The method is a part of the system (DeLurgio Bhame, 1991). Time Series Data Time Series Data is usually plotted on a graph to determine the various characteristics or components of the time series data. There are 4 Major Components: Trend, Cyclical, Seasonal, and Irregular Components Components of a Time Series The trend component accounts for the gradual shifting of the time series over a long period of time. Any regular pattern of sequences of values above and below the trend line is attributable to the cyclical component of the series. The seasonal component of the series accounts for regular patterns of variability within certain time periods, such as over a year. The irregular component of the series is caused by short-term, unanticipated and non-recurring factors that affect the values of the time series. One cannot attempt to predict its impact on the time series in advance. Moving Average Method The moving average method consists of computing an average of the most recent n data values for the series and using this average for forecasting the value of the time series for There are usu ¬ally five basic steps in any fore ¬cast ¬ing task. Step 1: Prob ¬lem definition. Often this is most dif ¬fi ¬cult part of fore ¬cast ¬ing. Defin ¬ing the prob ¬lem care ¬fully requires an under ¬stand ¬ing of how the fore ¬casts will be used, who requires the fore ¬casts, and how the fore ¬cast ¬ing func ¬tion fits within the orga ¬ni ¬za ¬tion requir ¬ing the fore ¬casts. A fore ¬caster needs to spend time talk ¬ing to every ¬one who will be involved in col ¬lect ¬ing data, main ¬tain-ing data ¬bases, and using the fore ¬casts for future planning. Step 2: Gath ¬er ¬ing information. There are always at least two kinds of infor ¬ma ¬tion required: (a) sta ¬tis ¬ti ¬cal data, and (b) the accu ¬mu ¬lated exper ¬tise of the peo ¬ple who col ¬lect the data and use the fore ¬casts. Often, a dif ¬fi ¬culty will be obtain ¬ing enough his ¬tor ¬i ¬cal data to be able to fit a good sta ¬tis ¬ti ¬cal model. How ¬ever, occa ¬sion ¬ally, very old data will not be so use ¬ful due to changes in the sys ¬tem being forecast. Step 3: Pre ¬lim ¬i ¬nary (exploratory) analysis. Always start by graph ¬ing the data. Are there con ¬sis ¬tent pat ¬terns? Is there a sig ¬nif ¬i ¬cant trend? Is sea ¬son ¬al ¬ity impor ¬tant? Is there evi ¬dence of the pres ¬ence of busi ¬ness cycles? Are there any out ¬liers in the data that need to be explained by those with expert knowl ¬edge? How strong are the rela ¬tion ¬ships among the vari ¬ables avail ¬able for analy ¬sis? Var ¬i ¬ous tools have been devel ¬oped to help with this analy ¬sis. Step 4: Choos ¬ing and fit ¬ting models. Which model to use depends on the avail ¬abil ¬ity of his ¬tor ¬i ¬cal data, the strength of rela ¬tion-ships between the fore ¬cast vari ¬able and any explana ¬tory vari ¬ables, and the way the fore-casts are to be used. It is com ¬mon to com ¬pare two or three poten ¬tial mod ¬els. Each model is itself an arti ¬fi ¬cial con ¬struct. It is based on a set of assump ¬tions (explicit and implicit) and usu ¬ally involves one or more para ¬me ¬ters which must be â€Å"fit ¬ted† using the known his-tor ¬i ¬cal data. A com ¬mon area of fore ¬cast ¬ing that deserves spe ¬cial atten ¬tion is demand fore-cast ¬ing for supply-chain man ¬age ¬ment. Step 5: Using and eval ¬u ¬at ¬ing a fore ¬cast ¬ing model. Once a model has been selected and its para ¬me ¬ters esti ¬mated, the model is used to make fore ¬casts. The per ¬for ¬mance of the model can only be prop ¬erly eval ¬u ¬ated after the data for the fore ¬cast period have become avail ¬able. A num ¬ber of meth ¬ods have been devel ¬oped to help in assess ¬ing the accu ¬racy of fore ¬casts. There are also orga ¬ni ¬za ¬tional issues in using and act ¬ing on the fore ¬casts. . CONCLUSION The forecasting process refers to a series of procedures used to forecast. It begins when an objective is determined. For example sales objectives can be (estimation of dollar sales, number of sales people to hire, etc. ). Next step is determination of dependent refer to what is being forecasting: sales or the number of sales people to hire next year) and independent variables. After this step we should determine forecast procedure and methods for analyzing data. Data are then gathered and analyzed often assumptions must be made about the forecast. The forecast is made, finalized, and, estimate passes, evaluated One of the keys to success in sales knows where are customers are located and being able to predict how much they will buy. Sales forecasting is so important that more then 50% of companies include this topic in their sales manager training programs. Inaccurate demand predictions can have disastrous effects of profitability. Managers should calculate and record the forecasting errors produced by the qualitative techniques they employ so that will know when these methods are best employed. Qualitative techniques are often used in conjunction with the quantitative techniques. Managers identified several sources to learn about sales forecasting techniques. The majority of them identified colleagues as an important source.

Urbanism and child mental health journal review essays

Urbanism and child mental health journal review essays How much of an effect does your environment have on your mental health? Plenty. Does it mean you're doomed if your environment is supposedly negative? Not necessarily. What can we attribute the high rate of social and psychological problems in cities to? And, are urban areas predestined to be a hub for high social and psychological problems. The latter two are questions David Quinton is attempting to answer in the annotation titled " Urbanism and Child Mental Health ". In this commentary, Quinton reviews other researchers' data and attempts to explain the phenomena. The research primarily includes subjects from London's boroughs, as well as, urban areas from Oslo, Beijing and Kampala. Quinton notes a similar review by Freeman (1984) is in circulation, but it failed to consider the process of city rise and decay, the qualities of urban life and the impacts of the physical environment. Quinton begins by commenting that there are few studies of early childhood disorders that compare children in urban and rural areas within the same culture using the same assessment measures. Instead, studies rely on ecological correlations in bureaucratically limited areas. This data produced an unsurprising casual connection between indicators such as housing features and deviance. However, the ecological fallacy - the inclination to draw conclusions from unrelated indicators - presents problems. Therefore, data related to area differences is deemed tainted because of certain influences. He reviewed Lavik's 1977 study of disorder rates in Oslo with a rural sample, and surprise, behavior problems were more common in the city. Basically, Quinton found the urban areas to have higher instances of negative actions in all the studies he reviewed. He reviewed studies based on the following sub-topics: Intra-urban differences, migration, features of the area, housing charact eristics, urban environment, urban malaise and social isolati...

Athletics In MacGregors Sporting Landscape Essay Example for Free

Athletics In MacGregor’s Sporting Landscape Essay However, using tactics which corroborate teamwork and competitive factors which in theory will motivate students to strive and increase their participation levels. 1. 0 Introduction This report will provide a detailed analysis of the participation of athletics in Macgregor’s microcosm as the societal norm believe that the status quo is â€Å"uncool†, it is known that the position of Australia’s porting landscape is very weak as there is a lack of participation within Australia as a whole This can be answered by a simple formula created to find the reason why some sports have a lack in participation in mainstream society today, Figueroa’s framework, this formula is divided into Levels listed in the following Cultural, Structural, Institutional, interpersonal and individual levels, nonetheless, it Is concluded that it is up to the individual of whether they decide to participate in Athletics or not. The social factors that influence an individual’s decision to participate in Athletics may indirectly or directly impact them by shaping their values, attitudes and beliefs. Knowing this the individual may find themselves being subjective to the people and also the certain factors they face in society ranging from cultural differences to peers to themselves. Sociologist, Peter Figueroa, develop a framework that analyses the equity of social resources that can also be implemented into the participation of athletics. . 1 Individual Level It can be argued that when it comes to equity and access issues, the individual level is the most important. This is because, while all levels of Figueroa’s Framework can identify how equity and sporting opportunities are presented to an individual, in the end it is the individual’s choice that will determine his or her access and level of participation in physical education. Kiss, 2012) This level is specific to Macgregor’s sporting landscape as it highlights the lack of participation in students; nonetheless, these decisions about sport and physical activity are ultimately made by the individuals Genes, values, attitudes and personalities which are specific to each individual. 3. 0 Action plan In Macgregor’s deteriorating athletics program, the lack of participation in the carnivals can link to many reasons why they don’t compete in such events. Study shows that the majority of students would prefer to sit and chat with their friends instead of competing in athletics, however, to allow students to participate, an action plan was developed to; in theory create a more fun and enjoyable carnival thus increasing participation levels, using successful methods utilized in Australian sports such as Cricket, NRL, AFL, etc. The ideologies used within these sports can be integrated within the society of Macgregor’s microcosm shaping the status quo of Macgregor’s Athletics program in a more positive, enjoyable way. . 1 Justification of Action plan Throughout sporting history there are various techniques to strive for in order to have a successful carnival, the majority of successful sports share many similar techniques to better improve the participation of athletes in Australia such as making it more interactive for the audience thus improving their participation rates; for example, in tennis they implement a board that measures the speed of the serve for each game as well as the Olympics which show the world record for each event. nowing this; a supposed board that lists all the records of each event is shown publically pre-athletics carnival and during for students to observe and in theory become more motivated and strive to train and compete in the events believing they are able to break that record thus improving participation rates. Secondly, the appearance of famous sporting athletes have known to improve the participation of sports for example, NBA players frequently appear in many occasions of street basketball games as it obviously creates publicity, however, also improves the participation due to the fact that this allows the ‘average basketball fanatic’ who normally would watch their idol from the comfort of their own television, but in fact they are able to play side by side with their idol increasing their moral and motivation to play. This can also be implemented in the athletics carnival by having the famous athlete participate and motivate the students to join in and also create a slight sense of competition. Finally, it is a fact that Australians love to play team based sports as listed, AFL, Cricket, Football, NRL, Soccer, Basketball, Rugby League are in the top 10 Australian sports; this is 7 of the 10 sports that are shown. With this in mind, Students would be required to form groups of 3 and compete in the athletics carnival, with a twist; each event would hold a certain amount of points varying on the position the student places, 10points for 1st, 7points for 2nd, 5point for 3rd and participation will be worth 2 points. The team that scores the highest points will be rewarded with a prize, such as vouchers, etc. 4. 2 Links to survey results The action plan created was based on a census of the whole school to observe whether they would participate in athletics and their reasons to not. To justify the particular choices created in the action plan by showing the statistics which have guided the development as the spikes in the statistics assist in improving the participation by surveying the trend. The reason a record chart was implemented as it adds a competitive flair and students receive social rewards within the athletics carnival as 19% of students feel that there is no reward for students if they win the events, this will help students strive for the record instead of just trying to win. A massive 27% of students feel that they are not good enough for the athletics carnival and believe there is no point to participate and simply just socialize with their peers, with the appearance of a famous athlete; students would be motivated to part take in the events as the special guest can provide moral support and advice to improve their technique, etc. during the carnival as they can join in with the students. By creating team based events the 80% of students that prefer team sports are able to participate and at the same time fill the social void according to the 25% as they strive to motivate fellow teammates and allow each other perform better overall, also considering the 66% that would participate in the carnival if their peers were to join in. (Buckley, et al, 2013) 4. Links to research material including the individual level of the framework The research gathered of Figueroa’s framework on the individual level, it is realised that students values and beliefs are to strive for competition and rewards, as these factors have been fulfilled it will allow students to participate in a more enjoyable way, due to the fact that an individual’s values and beliefs reflect directly upon their parents, siblings and peers, however, it is proven that the individual learns to behave through the experience they have accumulated from mainly their peers, also the fact that students view the sports society in a ‘boring’ manner, they often assume they cannot socialise with their peers which majorly affect their participation rates. 5. 0 Conclusion Athletics In MacGregor’s Sporting Landscape. (2018, Oct 28).

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders Essay

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders - Essay Example Who decides how and when should a terminally ill patient die? Should we or shouldn’t we prolong the life of a patient who has no hope of a having a good life in the future? What is morally right and ethical? Should the patient be made to decide whether or not he/she wants to be resuscitated or do we â€Å"play God† and decide how life should be taken away? The issuance and the implementation of Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNR) in hospitals have been a very sensitive issue in all walks of life not just the medical sector most especially those cases involving the operating room where time is clearly of the essence and sometimes, decisions have to be made outright by the healthcare practitioners attending to the patient. In cases of patients in the OR, where there are no clear advance instructions, there is no time for healthcare practitioners to confer with the patient or his/her immediate family, thus, often times, decisions are made relying solely on the medical judgment of the attending healthcare practitioners. As these develop, many arguments have been presented and cases have reached the courts arguing the validity and morality of a DNR most especially those involving the operating theatre. This resulted in formal attempts to define the physicians’ obligations in such cases, resulting to varied and sometimes contradicting conclusions. Consent of the patient for example, have generated different reactions in terms of legislations. The state of New York passed legislation in 1988 mandating patient consent to DNR orders [New York State Public Health Law, 1988]. However, recent joint statement by the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing [BMA, RC (UK) RCN. 2001] in the United Kingdom did not specifically require patient consent to DNR orders. It does however

Analyzing Cost of Capital 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Cost of Capital 2 - Assignment Example The greatest advantage that one gets, in debt financing, is the maintenance of complete ownership of the business, in comparison to equity financing. It is of great importance to also note that, banks usually expect you to put up assets to back up loan, inform of security. These assets could include property, your personal investments, equipment or other tangible holdings that the bank could seize if you default on the loan (Pratt, 2010). Equity financing is especially very common among small business owners, because of the concerns they have about either qualifying for a loan or having to channel too much of their profits into repaying the loan. Investors and partners can provide equity financing, and they generally expect to get profits from their investments. Moreover, if no profit materializes, you aren’t obligated to pay back equity contributions. The major drawback of equity financing is that, you are no longer the full owner of a business once you have other financial contributors who expect a share. As such, you will be relinquishing not just financial control, but will no longer be the sole arbiter of the business’s creative and strategic direction (Plath, 2006). There are two main things to consider when working out the cost of capital: WACC, Weighted average cost of capital and the MCC, which is the marginal cost of capital. This basically is the comparison of how much of new capital is raised in comparison to what was injected at the start of the business. WACC on the other hand is basically the average rate of return a company expects to compensate all its different investors. The minimum return that a company must earn on its existing asset base to satisfy its creditors, owners, and other capital sources.It aims at measuring the capital discount of the company’s income and expenditure and it represents the

Women in the Middle East Essay -- Gender Roles, Oppression, Culture

In the book, Women in the Middle East, a Saudi Arabian proverb states, "A girl possesses nothing but a veil and a tomb" (Harik and Marston 83). The key words, "veil" and "tomb" lend evidence to the fact that many Middle Eastern women lack identity symbolized by the â€Å"veil† and lack the right of ownership except for their veil and the tomb. This statement further enforces the notion that many women in the Middle East are expected to serve and tolerate the oppression of the men in their lives throughout their lives on this earth. Moreover, it confirms that many of these women do not get the opportunity to obtain education, join the work force, and even participate in the political affairs of the country. This arrangement further helps the Middle Eastern men to view women as their properties, servants, or even as slaves. Ultimately, there are three main reasons why Middle Eastern men engage in the act of oppressing their women. One primary reason why Middle Eastern men oppress women is their deeply rooted belief system as well as their needs. For example, their belief that the Middle Eastern woman’s duty is being a dedicated homemaker encourages them to disallow her from seeking an education. Ramsay M. Harik and Elsa Martson, revisit this concept in their book, Woman in the Middle East, as they state that many males convince their women that education is unnecessary nor relevant to their household responsibilities. "The girl will spend her life cooking and having babies, why does she need to read or write? This was a common attitude in much of the Middle East until the last fifty years or so" (24). The common consensus was that once educated, these women would question many of the injustices suffered, would demand better treatment... ...emale relative is justifiable if she brings dishonor to the family" (86)... Many women do not stand up for their rights because they are scared from death; since many men killed women without feeling sympathy or without fearing from the consequences of laws. Therefore, laws are just another cause of the oppression of women. Middle Eastern women need to stand up for their rights and get educated to reverse the notion that they are servants and properties of their men. Furthermore, they need to rise up to their potentials and prove beyond doubt that they are equal to men. This practice would lead the path for future generations to follow and protect the inalienable rights of women. Finally, these women need to break the cycle of oppression by addressing these deeply rooted beliefs, gaining the tools to fight back, and joining forces to make lifelong changes.

Alcoholic Anonymous Essay

What I learned from Alcoholic Anonymous is that AA is meant for people who promise that they will never drink again and they drink again anyways. Its singleness purpose identifies that alcoholics work best with other alcoholics and the only difference from the twelve step fellowships out there is the first part of the first step and the middle part of the twelfth step. What I am powerless over and who we carry the message too? Many alcoholics in AA raise their hands introducing themselves as alcoholics, but never knew what it meant. In the Speakers meeting the groups felt really connected with the speaker, and gave him their full-undivided attention. The groups focused solely on the speaker and no one else, it was mainly white, black, and Hispanic men and women of all different ages starting from their early twenties up to their mid fifties. Around thirty people attended on October 21st at eight o’clock. The meeting was very humorous the speaker knew how to relate to the AA members by bringing his personal life experiences with alcohol to distribute his indication on the importance of sobriety. The speaker knew how to make the environment funny, happy, and outgoing. The speaker often referred to the Big Book specifying the hopeless condition and mind of the body. The first step is understanding the problem, the solution, and the program of action to bring back the solution. The main reason the speaker joined AA was because he could not imagine not drinking at all. The Big Book states that unless identification takes place then little or nothing can be accomplished. For the speaker the first step is the key in following through all the other steps. The question the speaker raised was what does it mean to be an alcoholic? He mentioned that one happens when he drinks it and the other happens when he does not drink it. Other than that he had a pretty good way of handling alcohol. The speaker always knew when to state his jokes. He described alcoholism as a physical allergy coupled with a mental obsession. The phenomenon the he craves when he wants a drink never occurs in the average drinker. This triggered a phenomenon craving to desire alcohol. An allergy meant that it was an abnormal physical reaction and the manifestation always showed up. The body of an alcoholic is quite abnormal as its mind. He got to AA not knowing how to explain his behaviors, and why he kept promising that he was not going to drink anymore and does it again repeatedly. The speaker always stated that he never knew the reason why he did it, his only reason was that he just did. Alcohol triggered a craving bigger than him that he couldn’t overcome. Men and women drink because they like the effect produced by alcohol. The sensation was so illusive for him that the quantities and qualities started to move around. The sensation he received from alcohol was so strong that he could not differentiate the truth from the false. Today looked a whole lot like yesterday and yesterday looked a whole lot like last week and it seemed that he was doing just enough to get by. The speaker viewed his alcoholic life as the only normal one. His observations to the way he reacts to alcohol wouldn’t mean him anything if he didn’t take the first drink. The alcohol craving is in his mind rather than in his body. His physical allergy to alcohol is not his biggest problem his biggest problem is that he gets restless, irritable, and discontented. All his problem happen to him when he is sober, and his main problem was that he could not stop starting because his problems will not go away when he stops drinking. He couldn’t choose whether he was going to drink or not. He related to the audience that he loved pawned shops because it was a pure equation to him. He could walk in with a deer rifle and walk out with the money. He never had a pawnbroker ask him what is he going to do with the money. His only problem was that he did not own a lot of stuff so he had to pawn things that did not belong to him. This created hard feelings around his family. He was poorly treated as a child that he finally ran away at the age of 47, and never went back. I learned that alcoholics make awesome plans but their plans work right up to where they don’t work anymore. The speaker tried to pull some kind of scam that would get everything out of the pawnshop. He pulled an insurance scam and had enough money to get everything out but had to stop for one drink and he was blackout for five days and only remembers 30 seconds of it. He lost the power of choice and control. His life was becoming unmanageable and his first step was to admit he could not manage drinking.

Religious Persecution and Discrimination - 1220 Words

Discrimination is defined as negative attitudes or behavior between people with differences. Frequently, opponents label each other with spiteful words. However religious discrimination can lead to violence. Many times religious discrimination can cause judgment during employment, limited educational opportunities, and restrictive social interaction. Throughout the centuries, Judaism, Catholicism, and Islam have been negatively persecuted by numerous communities. Religious discrimination has impeded the right and ability of Jews’, Catholics’, and Muslims’ to practice freedom of religion rights worldwide. One of the most horrific examples of discrimination resulted from discrimination against Jews, and was called The Holocaust. Catholics†¦show more content†¦If a Jew practiced freely during turbulent times such as The Holocaust and the Russian pogrom, then he would most likely be killed or severely injured. The people of the world have been blind and ju dgmental many times. A different culture and different beliefs caused Judaism and the other ways of life to butt heads. This caused freedom of religion to be removed from the lives of the Jewish people experiencing these tragic trials. Discrimination against Catholicism restricts Catholics’ ability to practice freedom of religion. Discrimination against Catholics began from the creation of this religion; however, one of the most prominent times that it occurred was during presidential elections in America. It arose when Al Smith, a Catholic ran for president. His career started in New York as a governor, and soon after â€Å"†¦ he had become one of the most powerful and popular†¦politicians of that time.† Nevertheless along with popularity came disapproval. In 1924, he was denied the presidential nomination because the Ku Klux Klan objected to his religious beliefs. Shortly after, he was the unanimous choice for the 1928 election over Herbert Hoover, but â€Å"the religious issue continually haunted Smith throughout the campaign† (Dolan 1). During the campaign, the KKK burned crosses wherever he traveled, and many groups portrayed Smith as a drunkard, making up slogans such as  "A vote for Al is a vote for rum A vote to empower America’s scum.† When voting time came,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Religious Persecution On The Middle Eastern Countries1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonic. Because that’s when you get religious wars and persecution and burning heretics at the stake,† John Shelby Spong, a retired American bishop of the Episcopal Church, stated about religious persecution circumnavigating the globe. In today’s world persecution is a natural reaction to any kind of foreign belief established in a country that is governed by the it’s original religious foundation. 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Like letting a tyrant leader like Adolf Hitler take over different countries and bring in what is believed the most horrific discrimination ever known. Therefore, it is right to agree with Elie Wiesel a former target of the Nazi Final Solution that the moment race and religion are involved then that soon must become the center of the universe’s attention. To begin with, this all startedRead MoreReligious Pluralism Essay787 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion, and the right to worship without persecution. However, the Christian right wing religious group Operation Save America entered the Senate floor and began to heckle Rajan Zed, the Hindu priest, perpetuating that Hinduism is an â€Å"abomination†, as Hindus do not worship â€Å"The lord Jesus Christ†. This leads us to ask the question: Is America a land of religious pluralism, or is it a land of â€Å"vociferous religious intolerance† (Amr, H.  ¶ 1)? Religious tolerance is being resigned to the factRead MoreEssay on Atheism, the Hidden Prejudice1362 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve in a god, and you will often find hate-filled stares, ignorant remarks, and judgments made. To better understand this, we will discuss the following in this paper: the history of Atheism, religious freedom in the United States, examples of religious prejudice, and some reasoning why religious discrimination occurs. Many people feel that Atheism is a â€Å"new age† trend; this is incorrect. The term Atheism originated in approximately 16 C.E.*, but philosophical Atheistic thinking appeared betweenRead MoreThe Importance Of Minority Groups In Society1120 Words   |  5 Pagesviewed as a minority. People who are apart of a minority have to endure discrimination and prejudice because of their differences. Discrimination is the act of unjust treatment to a person, group, or category in which they are perceived to be apart of. A group that has suffered from discrimination and attacks is the religious minority community. Those who are apart of any religion besides Hinduism are considered a religious minority. These consist of the religions: Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, BuddhistsRead MoreThe Between Islam And Middle Eastern Countries1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Prophet, the migration to Medina, the battles of the early community, the return to Mecca and the subsequent conquests under the Ri ghtly Guided caliphs p. 88†. The religion of Islam that Muslims identify with is fairly new as compared to other religious such as Judaism and Christianity. The Quran holds three basic teachings; through law, the previous prophets ( Mohammed), and the final judgment ( Enlightment). Some of this parallels to what Christians refer to as the Doctrine and Bible of ChristRead MoreReligious and Ethic Groups1049 Words   |  5 Pagesh/125 Religious and Ethnic Groups Religious Group: The religious group I wish to write about is Buddhism. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, Buddhism is defined as a religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Gautama Buddha that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by mental and moral self-purification. The religion of Buddhism differs from other religious groups is that there is no one Almighty God. In Buddhism, the ultimate